The Maverick: Ritwik Ghatak
In an age when film makers masquarade as reformers (read bullshitters), it is only apt that one remember the flag bearers of the REAL New Wave in Indian Cinema that had its inception in the early ’50s through the mid ’70s. A beacon of this New Wave was Ritwik Ghatak. The Anarchist. The Rebel. The quintessential Bengali Intellectual. The man who influenced a generation of film makers.
In a foreword to Ghatak’s seminal work Cinema and I, Rows and Rows of Fences: Ritwik Ghatak on Cinema, none less than Satyajit Ray said about him: “For him Hollywood might not have existed at all.”
Ghatak and his family formed part of the massive exodus from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) to Kolkata owing to Partition of 1947 – the tragedy that haunted him all his life and kept coming back as a recurring theme in his films. Heavily influenced by Sergei Eisenstein and Berltolt Brecht, he had always intended his cinema to be harbinger of social change.
His creative genius was not restricted to cinema alone. He was an active participant of IPTA. He was the first to have translated Gogol and Brecht to Bengali. He was a stage/screen actor of immense calibre.
Two common strands to be noticed through his films are:
1. The Tragedy of Partition – the subcontinent equivalent to holocaust, in terms of magnitude
2. Tragic undertones to the stories that he had to tell.
With the possible exception of Komal Gandhar/E – Flat (1961) and Bari Theke Paliye/The Runaway (1959), all of his films ended on a tragic note. But by no means can we call them morbid. His cinema was about celebration of life in all its manifestations – hope, despair, fun, laughter and tears coexisted and yet helped shape a coherent, lucid flow of narration. Sounds uncannily similar to Bollywood melodrama? Far from it. Or maybe that contradiction in irony was his forte.
He was bent on wedding his political activism with cultural content by fashioning popular forms of melodrama into appropriate vehicles for political expression. As Megan Carrigy puts it, “Ghatak declared on a number of occasions that if some other medium came along enabling him to reach more of the masses, he would happily drop cinema and embrace that other medium”….
Filmography
Ghatak’s career consisted of but 8 feature-length films. But EACH ONE of them is EQUALLY REMARKABLE. I don’t know of any film maker in Indian or world cinema who could achieve that. Even Satyajit Ray faltered, for crying out loud!
He started off as an actor with Nemai Ghosh’s Chinnamul (1950), of which he was also the assistant director.
Some of the gems directed by him were:
Nagarik/ The Citizen (1952)
The film is an extraordinary parable of a migrant/refugee family in Kolkata, victim of Partition and their longing for the life of grandeur/ prosperity that was once theirs, and how they end up in a slum and discard all hopes of deliverance. About Nagarik Ray said once that had Nagarik been released before his Pather Panchali, the former would have been accepted as the first film of the alternative form of Bengali cinema.
Ajantrik/ The Pathetic Fallacy (1958)
One of my favorites. Bimal (Kali Bannerjee) is in love with his car, a much torn-and-tattered Chevrolet which he plies as a taxi and calls it Jagaddal affectionately. He talks to it, pampers and cares for it almost as if it were his Lady Love. Modernisation plays foul – his car breaks down and is sold for scrap (criminal simplificaion; but couldn’t help it).
Meghe Dhaka Tara/ The Cloud-capped Star (1960)
Another of my favorites. One of the best performances in the history of Bengali, and indeed, Indian cinema by Supriya Choudhury who plays Neeta, the only bread-earner of a family consisting of her parents and two brothers. She ends up in a sanatorium for Cancer. She sacrifices no end for her family, but loses everything she held dear in the process. Oh, who can forget her anguish-filled cry: “Ami je bachte cheyechilam, Dada!” (”But I wanted to LIVE, brother!”)
There are five more (Bari Theke Paliye/ The Runaway -1959, Komal Gandhar/ E- Flat -1961, Titas Ekti Nadir Naam/ A River Named Titas -1973, Subarnarekha/ The Golden Line -1962, and Jukti Tokko Aar Goppo/ Reason, Debate and A Story -1974)…one can keep going for miles and miles, writing about these refreshing masterpieces.
Such was the man. Maverick. Eccentric. One crazy film maker who had his head (or heart?) in the right place.
Oh, I forgot to mention, he taught at FTII, too, and his legacy lived on through the works of his illustrious students – Mani kaul, Kumar Sahani, Ketan Mehta and John Abraham (Not the Gladrags-Jism- No Smoking John, silly! The torch-bearer of Malayalam New Wave in cinema, that’s who. Namesake, anyone?) Here’s what John had to say about Ghatak: Link
Let me wind up by quoting Jacob Levich:
“Satyajit Ray is the suitable boy of Indian film, presentable, career-oriented, and reliably tasteful. Ghatak, by contrast, is an undesirable guest: he lacks respect, has “views”, makes a mess, disdains decorum”….Yeah, that’s Ritwik Ghatak.
Anurag Kashyap
Abhay Deol
Dibakar Banerjee
Hansal Mehta
Khalid Mohamed
Kundan Shah
Anish Kuruvilla
Jaideep Verma
Manish Gupta
Navdeep Singh
Bhavani Iyer
D. Santosh
Onir
Ashvin Kumar
Ramu Ramanathan
Sudhir Mishra
Pankaj Advani
Revathy
Saurabh Shukla
Shilpa Shukla
Sujoy Ghosh
Suparn Verma
Santosh Sivan
Shashank Ghosh
Shivajee
Pavan Kaul
Partho Sen-Gupta
Prroshant Naryannan
Sam Langoria
Satish Kasetty
john too belongs to the same category amborish “undesirable guest: he lacks respect, has
and thanks for that amazing link…..
Amborish,thnx for the link. Dont knwo why but always felt that Ray knew the strategies to get what he wanted from d days of panther panchali. but ghatak never bothered. simply told d stories that he wanted to tell. whats art n life without politics!! there r many resons to love ghatak n his films. sad that he could make only counted few.
btw,some calcutta based compnay has recently released few of his films on cds n dvds with subtitles. they r of decent quality. pick them if u havent yet.
@DPac regret to say I know very little about John apart from the fact that he was an ardent follower, a true disciple to Ghatak, at the same time a rebellious film maker in his own right….and that he assisted Mani Kaul on “Uski Roti” and went on to make 4 wonderful films: Vidyarthikale Ithile Ithile (1971), Agraharathil Kazhuthai (1977), Cheriyachente Kroora Krithyangal (1979)….and about the Odessa Collective…but all that is very much available on the net. I think we should profile such people on PFC in depth and do a little reality check on our own ‘New Wave’ sensibilities. People like Ghatak, John, Adoor…DPac, can you do the honors and share about John, his persona and his cinema?
Ah, I’ve been meaning to do a Ghatak post for months, but I am glad you did it. I just watched all the movies. Meghe Dhaka Tara is also my favorite, but Ajantrik is amazing too. His shot selection and subtlety improved from movie to movie – that was great to watch.
Finally a post on Ghatak on PFC. Funnily enough when I saw Shripriya’s comment saying “Ah, I
@amborish
johns’ persona yes..maybe later.
the odessa episode is something of torch for all the leftist filmmakers in kerala
but not his films bhai.. havent completely seen any of them
@Bishu, thanks a ton for the link….
meghe dhaka tara, the complexity and the simplicity of it stabs you, everytime time you watch it, in different places. Nagrik, also is one of my favorites.
How can I get the CD’s of John’s films
budhimuttaaanu mathaayi (very difficult Mathew)
dont know any outlet
Thanks for the post
loved ur post…actually i love 2read nething abt ghatak…
but 4me his most profound film was Subarnarekha…the brilliant imagination of showcasing the perennial battle between idealism and realism…
Ritwick Ghatak will always remain as an unsung hero of indian cinema,the big presence of Satyajit Ray has always prevented his rise to the pinnacle.It might be because ghatak is not that publicized like Ray